While breast cancer is one of the most lethal illnesses in women, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells leading to the world's second-highest cause of death, it is not the sole breast-related health issue. Changes in breasts are quite usual, but some instances call for immediate medical intervention. Women of all ages may encounter breast problems such as lumps, breast pain, nipple discharge, infections, and injuries.
Lumps
Lumps are prevalent and can develop anywhere in the body, including breasts. Their size varies and they can be benign or malignant. Lumps can either be sac-like filled with fluid or solid. They may result from injuries, genetic factors, or tumors. About 20% of breast lumps turn out to be cancerous. However, not all lumps require medical treatment unless they cause discomfort.
Common types of lumps are cysts and fibroadenomas. Other causes could be fatty lumps, simple or milk cysts, and papilloma. If lumps become a concern, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. They can conduct tests to determine if the breast lump is harmless or not.
Breast Pain
Breast pain, or mastalgia, is a common breast issue. It could occur in either or both breasts and may manifest as tenderness, sharp pain, or a feeling of constriction. This can happen during puberty or post-menopause.
Common causes of breast pain include:
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Menstrual Cycle
- Medication
- Chest Wall Pain
Here are some remedies to alleviate the pain:
- Apply hot or cold compress
- Wear a supportive bra that fits well
- Undergo therapy
- Exercise
- Take over-the-counter medicine under a doctor's guidance.
Nipple Discharge
Nipple discharge is expected during pregnancy and lactation. It refers to the leakage of fluid from the breast. However, discharge in a non-breastfeeding woman is concerning. The discharge could be milky, brown, green, yellow, or bloody. However, just the color and texture are not enough to ascertain if the nipple discharge is normal.
Possible causes of nipple discharge include:
- Infection
- Breast trauma
- Abscesses
- Papilloma
- Galactorrhea
- Fibroadenoma
- Breast cancer.
Certain medications, hormonal changes, or breast stimulation can also result in nipple discharge. The treatment depends on the cause.
Breast Infection (Mastitis)
Mastitis is common among breastfeeding women or those who have recently stopped breastfeeding. About 1% to 3% of women develop mastitis. If left untreated, bacteria entering the breast through a cracked or sore nipple could result in serious complications such as:
- Breastfeeding issues
- Fever and chills
- Breast tenderness
- Fatigue
- Breast abscess.
Non-infectious mastitis can be treated without antibiotics, but the symptoms' severity needs to be assessed by a doctor.
Treatments for mastitis may include:
- Pain relievers
- Antibiotics
- Altering the breastfeeding routine
- Breast massage.
Inverted Nipple
Inverted nipples are often congenital, where the nipple points inward rather than outward. This can interfere with breastfeeding and also occur in men, but it is more common in women. Approximately 10 – 20% of women have inverted nipples. Serious attention should be given if these symptoms are experienced:
- Nipple discharge
- Changes in nipple skin
- Nipple soreness
- Lump on the nipple.
The following can help manage an inverted nipple:
- Use a breast pump or syringe
- Undergo surgery
- Use a warm compress.
Even though not all breast issues are severe, any changes should be brought to the attention of a healthcare provider. Some cases may require further tests and evaluations to ascertain their seriousness. It is crucial to know your breasts' normal feel. Perform a self-examination every month and maintain breast health with a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.
