Our eyes are complex and crucial organs linked directly to our brain, responsible for converting reflected light into images. Given that we only have two eyes to last our entire life, maintaining eye health should be a primary concern for longevity.
While several eye diseases are inevitable and a part of the aging process, our overall health history often determines the likelihood of these diseases. Throughout our lives, however, we are likely to encounter various types of eye infections. It's important to educate ourselves about common eye infections, their symptoms, and treatments.
Causes of Eye Infections
Eye infections are not just limited to bacterial and viral causes. Allergic reactions often lead to eye symptoms and infections. Additionally, fungal sources can also contribute to eye infections, albeit less common than bacterial or viral causes.
Four Widespread Eye Infections
The four eye infections discussed below all end with “-itis,” indicating an inflammatory response. Hence, expect symptoms like swelling or redness with these infections. Other symptoms calling for further examination include pain, itching, excessive tearing, and colored eye discharge. If you experience any of these symptoms, consult an eye care professional immediately.
- Conjunctivitis
Often known as “pink eye,” conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the outermost membrane of the eyeball, leading to a red or pink area on the whites of your eyes. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with over-the-counter antihistamines, while bacterial conjunctivitis requires antibiotic eye drops. Fungal conjunctivitis usually lasts 7 to 10 days, and using a clean warm cloth frequently can help with discomfort.
- Keratitis
Keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped outer layer covering the iris and pupil. It can occur due to bacterial, viral, fungal, traumatic, or even parasitic sources. People with compromised immune systems, those using corticosteroid eye drops, and contact lens wearers are at higher risk. Treatment typically involves antibacterial or antiviral eye drops.
- Stye
A stye, or hordeolum, resembles a pimple and usually forms on the eyelid near the lashes due to a clogged oil duct or infected eyelash follicle. Most styes heal on their own within a week, and warm compresses can help with pain. Avoid popping a stye as it can worsen the infection. Persistent styes may require antibiotic ointments, steroid injections, or even surgical removal.
- Blepharitis
Blepharitis refers to inflammation of the entire eyelid, caused by clogged oil glands. It can cause a sensation of something stuck in your eye, increased tearing, and crusting on your eyelashes. Risk factors include dandruff, allergic reactions to face products, lice or mites on eyelashes, or a weakened immune system. Treatment options include warm compresses, corticosteroid eye drops, antibiotics, and artificial tears for lubrication.
Prevention Tips
Although it's impossible to prevent all eye infections, these tips can greatly help:
- Frequently wash your hands
- Avoid rubbing your eyes
- Don't share eye products
- Properly care for contact lenses
- Maintain personal hygiene
- Regularly wash sheets, pillowcases, towels, and face cloths
- Dispose of anything that has been in contact with an infected eye
In conclusion, take eye health seriously. If you suspect an eye infection, it's best to consult an eye doctor immediately to minimize the risk of severe complications.