Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a common health concern for sexually active people, regardless of their gender. In fact, each year, 20 million new cases are reported in the United States alone, as per the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Whether you are sexually active or not, here are some answers to frequently asked questions about STDs.
What are STDs and STIs?
STDs, or sexually transmitted diseases, are infections that are spread from one person to another through sexual contact – be it genital, anal, or oral. These infections are typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The term STD is often used interchangeably with STI, which stands for sexually transmitted infection. However, it's important to note that not all STIs develop into a disease. Some can resolve on their own, while others can be cured with medical intervention.
How can I tell if I have an STD or an STI?
The most reliable way to know if you have an STI is to get tested. Testing methods can include a Pap smear, blood test, urine test, and physical examinations. Regular STD screenings should be part of your health check-up routine. If you feel unwell or suspect you might have an infection, don't hesitate to consult with your doctor and request a test. It's worth noting that some individuals may not display any symptoms despite being infected, and the infection could potentially remain with them for life.
What are the symptoms of STIs?
Common symptoms of STIs include sores, bumps, or warts in your genital area, anus, and mouth. Other symptoms can include itchiness, irritation in your genitals, pain during urination, abnormal vaginal discharge or blood in urine. Additional symptoms may include pain during intercourse, fever, chills, aches, night sweats, weight loss, skin rash, and jaundice.
Who is at risk for STDs and STIs?
Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting an STI. However, those who have multiple sexual partners have a higher risk due to increased exposure. Whether an STI develops into an STD depends on a variety of factors, including the type of infection, the patient's age, gender, and overall health.
How are STDs treated?
Many STIs can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your doctor. However, some STDs have no cure, although symptoms can be managed with antiviral medications. Some patients also turn to complementary and alternative medicines to help alleviate symptoms such as pain. It's crucial to follow your doctor's treatment plan, including taking all prescribed medications as directed.
Can I contract an STI without having sex?
Yes, it is possible to contract an STI without having sex. Some STIs can be transmitted through kissing and intimate skin-to-skin contact, or through oral sex.
Are condoms effective at preventing STIs?
Yes, latex condoms, when used correctly, can significantly reduce your risk of contracting an STI. It's important to remember, though, that while condoms are the only contraceptive method that can protect against STIs, they do not provide 100 percent protection.
Can an STI or STD affect my pregnancy and my baby?
Yes, if you have an STI, it can have an impact on your pregnancy and your unborn child. There is an increased risk of pre-term labor and miscarriage, and your baby may contract the infection during birth.
How can I protect myself against STDs?
The most effective way to protect yourself against STDs is to practice safe sex. The risk is lower in a monogamous relationship with someone who has tested negative for STDs. It's recommended to get yourself and your new partner screened for STDs before engaging in sex. It's also beneficial to get vaccinated, boost your immune system with vitamins and supplements, and maintain a healthy diet. If you have multiple sexual partners, consistent use of condoms is advised.
If you have tested positive for an STI, encourage your partner to get screened as well. Don't hesitate to talk to your doctor about your condition. There is no shame in contracting an infection, and getting the right diagnosis and treatment is essential.
